NSS REPORT NO. 587: Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households and Land and Livestock Holdings of Households in Rural India, 2019 (JANUARY – DECMEBER 2019)

Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation

1. Background

1.1       National Statistical Office (NSO) in its 77^th round of survey, conducted during the period 1^st January 2019 to 31^st December 2019, carried out a survey on “Land and Livestock Holdings of Households and Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households” in the rural areas of India with an integrated schedule of enquiry. Prior to 77^th round, Land and Livestock Holding Surveys (LHS) and Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) of Agricultural Households used to be conducted as separate surveys in separate sets of households.

2. Objective of the Survey

2.1 The integrated survey on Land and Livestock holdings of Households and Situation Assessment of Agricultural Households, conducted in the rural areas of the country, had an objective of generating different indicators like:

• ownership and operational holdings of rural households
• ownership of livestock
• income, productive assets and indebtedness of agricultural households
• farming practices of agricultural households
• awareness and access to various technological developments in the field of agriculture
• receipts and expenditure of the agricultural households’ farm and non-farm businesses and receipts from all other economic activities pursued by the members of the agricultural households

3          Collection of information

3.1 The information was collected in two visits from the same set of sample households in rural areas with a view to collect relevant information separately for the two halves of the agricultural year July 2018 – June 2019. The first visit was made during January -August 2019 and the second was during September- December 2019.

4          Agricultural household

4.1 An agricultural household for NSS 77^thRound survey was defined as a household receiving more than Rs. 4000/- as value of produce from agricultural activities (e.g., cultivation of field crops, horticultural crops, fodder crops, plantation, animal husbandry, poultry, fishery, piggery, bee-keeping, vermiculture, sericulture, etc.) and having at least one member self-employed in agriculture either in the principal status or in subsidiary status during last 365 days. Like in previous rounds, households which were entirely agricultural labour households and households receiving income entirely from coastal fishing, activity of rural artisans and agricultural services were not considered as agricultural households and they were kept outside the scope of the survey.

5 Sample size

FSU/Households/persons	Visit 1	Visit 2
FSU allotted	5950
FSU surveyed	5,940	5,894
households surveyed	58,035	56,894
Agricultural households surveyed	45,714	44,770

6 Important results

It may be noted that all the estimates relate to the rural areas of India.

6.1 Percentage distribution of agricultural households and non-agricultural households

Table 1: Percentage distribution of agricultural households and non-agricultural households by social group in rural areas of India for the agricultural year July 2018- June 2019
social group	agricultural households	non-agricultural households	rural households
ST	14.2	10.0	12.3
SC	15.9	28.4	21.6
OBC	45.8	42.8	44.4
others	24.1	18.8	21.7
All	100.0	100.0	100.0

6.2 Percentage distribution of agricultural households and non-agricultural households by size class of land possessed

Table 2: Percentage distribution of agricultural and non-agricultural households by size class of land possessed (ha.) for the agricultural year July 2018 – June 2019
size class of land possessed (ha.)	agricultural households	non-agricultural households	rural households
< 0.01	0.6	26.8	12.7
0.01 – 0.40	34.2	69.0	50.2
0.40 – 1.00	35.6	3.1	20.6
1.01 – 2.00	17.7	0.7	9.9
2.01 – 4.00	8.6	0.4	4.8
4.01 – 10.00	2.8	0.0	1.5
10.00 +	0.4	0.0	0.2
all sizes	100.0	100.0	100.0

6.3 Household Ownership Holdings of Land

Land, with permanent heritable possession, with or without right to transfer the title, was considered as owned land. The land held in owner-like possession under a long-term lease or assignment (e.g., village land possessed by a tribal household as per traditional tribal rights or community land customarily operated by a tenant for a long period) was also treated as land owned.

6.3.1 Size of ownership holdings

Table 3: Average size of household ownership holdings and percentage of landless households during 2019
average area (ha.) owned per household	0.512
percentage of landless households	8.2
average area (ha.) owned per household excluding landless households	0.558
Households with no land or with ownership holdings of area less than or equal to 0.002 ha. are considered as ‘landless’

6.4 Household Operational Holdings

6.4.1 Household operational holding has been defined as land that was used wholly or partly for agricultural production and was operated (directed/managed) by one household member alone or with assistance of others, without regard to title, size or location. Within a household, multiple operational holdings were not distinguished. The land might be operated by members belonging to a single household or by members belonging to more than one household operating jointly. However, holdings operated as cooperative farms were not considered as household operational holding in this survey. A household growing vegetable in the kitchen garden or flowers in the courtyard or raising livestock & poultry or carrying out pisciculture was considered to operate a holding, even if no crop production was undertaken by it during the reference period.

Area of operational holding: Operational holding encompasses all land – owned, leased in or otherwise possessed with the condition that some agricultural activity was carried out on any part of the land under its possession during the reference period.

Area operated:Only the area used for agricultural activities in the operational holding in a reference period is termed as area operated.

6.4.2 Area of operational holdings

Table 4: Estimated number of operational holdings, averaged area of operational holding and average area operated per operational holding
Indicator	Jul 18 – Dec 18	Jan 19 – Jun 19	Jul 18 – Jun 19
number of operational holdings (million)	103.454	85.913	101.982
average area per operational holding (ha.)	0.902	0.880	0.913
average area operated per holding (ha.)	0.815	0.682	0.833

6.5Crop Production

6.5.1 Twenty-Five selected crops were identified to present crop-wise estimates in the report. These are: Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Ragi, Wheat, Barley, Gram, Arhar (Tur), Urad, Moong, Masur (Lentil), Sugarcane, Potato, Onion, Groundnut, Sesamum, Rapseed/Mustard, Coconut, Sunflower seed, Safflower, Soyabean, Nigerseed, Cotton, Jute. However, crop-wise estimates is presented in respect of those selected crops which were reported by at least 1 percent of the surveyed agricultural households at all India level separately for the two halves of the agricultural year.

6.5.2 Percentage of households producing crop

Table 5: Average gross cropped area, harvested quantity produced and value for agricultural households reporting production of selected crops
Crop	percentage of agricultural households reporting production of crops	percentage of crop producing agricultural households reporting sale of the crop	average per agricultural household reporting  production of crops
			gross cropped area (0.000 ha.)	harvested quantity produced (kg./no.)#	value of (Rs.)total production*
July 2018- December 2018
Paddy	53.2	52.6	0.617	2,035	36,139
Jowar	3.5	48.1	0.713	677	15,420
Bajra	8.3	48.6	0.769	672	12,692
Maize	11.3	47.1	0.467	815	13,671
Ragi	1.6	36.3	0.398	336	9,154
arhar(tur)	2.9	60.4	0.684	388	18,953
Urad	4.1	50.5	0.568	264	9,860
Moong	2.7	44.8	0.667	216	10,973
Sugarcane	3.5	95.9	0.608	37,474	1,01,625
Potato	1.4	48.5	0.111	1143	9,240
Groundnut	2.1	77.6	0.810	737	31,859
Coconut	2.0	61.2	0.185	1,227	15,109
Soyabean	6.0	94.4	1.175	1,202	37,584
Cotton	7.2	94.6	1.108	1,209	62,291
all crops	92.7	xxx	0.889	xxx	46,277
January 2019- June 2019
paddy	9.3	76.6	0.606	2,755	45,866
jowar	1.8	60.1	0.861	1,233	32,064
maize	3.5	82.0	0.458	2,014	34,419
wheat	41.2	50.8	0.630	1,948	37,657
gram	6.7	63.2	0.625	584	23,891
arhar(tur)	1.7	51.9	0.418	311	15,203
moong	1.5	51.1	0.429	191	9,608
masur	2.1	47.8	0.271	233	9,952
sugarcane	2.4	95.7	0.600	34,774	1,05,189
potato	5.3	55.0	0.160	2,933	17,270
onion	1.3	55.6	0.272	3,873	31,255
rapeseed/mustard	7.5	45.2	0.402	601	22,584
coconut	1.9	56.4	0.175	880	10,468
cotton	1.3	90.7	1.137	963	48,298
all crops	72.5	xxx	0.775	xxx	50,807
* Total value of production includes value of harvested crop, pre-harvest sale and value of by-products. #for all crops except coconut, harvested quantity is reported in kg and for coconut harvested quantity is reported in numbers.

6.6Average Monthly Income per Agricultural Household

6.6.1 The survey collected information on the receipts and expenditure relating tocropproduction, farming of animals and non-farm business, separately for the two halves of the agricultural year July 2018 – June 2019. Income from wage/salary employment and income from leasing out of land were also recorded for the same period. Based on this information, average monthly income per agricultural household has been worked out for the agricultural year July 2018 – June 2019 by adding up income from wages/salary, income from leasing out of land, net receipt from crop production, farming of animals and non-farm business. Net receipt is worked out by deducting total expenses from total receipts for each source of income.

Table 6: Average monthly income (Rs) from different sources per agricultural household during July 2018 – June 2019
approach	components of income
	income from wages	income from leasing out of land	net receipt from crop production	net receipt from farming of animals	net receipt from non-farm business	Total income
paid out expenses approach	4,063	134	3,798	1,582	641	10,218
both the paid out expenses and imputed expenses	4,063	134	3,058	441	641	8,337

6.7 Indebtedness of Agricultural Households

Information on the amount of outstanding loan as on date of survey (i.e., the day on which data was collected from the household) was collected from each of the surveyed agricultural households during the first visit.

Table 7: Percentage of indebted agricultural households and average amount (Rs.) of outstanding loans per agricultural household
indicator	value
percentage of indebted agricultural households	50.2%
average amount (Rs.) of outstanding loan per agricultural household	Rs. 74,121

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